Abstract Background The non-signalling chemokine receptors, including receptors DARC, D6 and CCX-CKR, have recently been shown to be involved in chemokine clearance and activity regulation.The human chemokine receptor CRAM (also known as HCR or CCRL2) is the most recently identified member of this atypical group.CRAM is expressed on B cells in a ma
Case summary A 33-month-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat was referred to the Animal Health Trust for the investigation of urinary incontinence and straining to urinate.A membrane-like structure was detected in the bladder neck, which caused partial obstruction of the urinary bladder.A combination of different imaging techniques, including
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogenic entity which determines inflammation and liver damage through complex immune mechanisms.Although progress has been made in managing the disease course, chronic infection still remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality to this day.Because both acute and chronic infection are often asymptomatic, ch